Inheritance and Development of Chinese Kang in Interior Space
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
| Issue | Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024) |
| Published | Jul 30, 2024 |
| Section | Articles |
| Article downloads | 191 |
Submitted : Dec 28, 2023 | Accepted : May 27, 2024
Abstract
The Chinese kang is an ancient technology that combines an integrated household system for cooking, sleeping, and heating. Most of the existing research focuses on the energy performance of Chinese kang and its impact on the interior environment and tries to adapt it to the modern interior space through the improvement of its technology. However, if we only focus on the research and improvement of the technical level of Chinese kang, it is not conducive to the effective inheritance and development of the culture. This paper studies the concept of 'inheritance and development' of Chinese kang culture more comprehensively from the perspective of interior design. The study proves that Chinese kang is not only a survival necessity to cope with cold, but also an expression of people's emotional catharsis and psychological needs, and that the intangible values of Chinese kang culture can be integrated into tangible modern living spaces and developed in the process of modernisation. The results of the study can be used as a starting point for enriching the Chinese kang culture and interior living culture from different perspectives in the future.
Article Details
References
Bai, Z. (1998). Lvliang shi min su [Lvliang City folklore journal]. Beiyue Literature and Art Press.
Bansal, N. K., & India. (1998). Characteristic parameters of a hypocaust construction. Building and Environment, 34(3), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(98)00018-3
Bansal, N. K., & Minke, G. (1994). Passive building design: A handbook of natural climatic control. Elsevier Science B. V.
Boda, S., Nishimura, S., & Terada, S. (2015). Transformation and functional differentiation by home renovation and extension on farmhouse with kang in Northeast China. 2015 APNHR Conference Book–Housing 2.0: Search for New Paradigm for Collaborative Housing. https://www.khousing.or.kr/media/boards/2023/notice/inter/8/25/2023_notice_inter_8_25_17_40_RFNC3J7NVD.pdf
Cao, B. (2007). Dongbei huo kang [Northeast China Kang]. Jilin Literature and History Press.
Cao, X. (1791). Hong lou meng [Dream of the red mansions]. People's Literature Press.
Changzhi Shi Zhi [Changzhi Municipal records]. (1995). Hai Chao Press.
Chen X. (2014). Shanxi kang wei hua yi shi de shen mei tan jiu [The aesthetic research of Shanxi Kang Wai art] [Master's thesis, Inner Mongolia University]. CNKI. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD201501&filename=1015525271.nh&v=
Duanmu, L., Yuan, P., Wang, Z., & Xu, C. (2017). Heat transfer model of hot-wall Kang based on the non-uniform Kang surface temperature in Chinese rural residences. Building Simulation, 10(2), 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-016-0325-0
Ecke, G. (1986). Chinese domestic furniture in photographs and measured drawings. Courier Corporation.
Flitsch, M. (2008). Knowledge, embodiment, skill and risk: Anthropological perspectives on women's everyday technologies in rural Northern China. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 2(2), 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1215/s12280-008-9049-2
Fumihiro, K. (2003). Living with Kang and planning system of farmhouse in Shenyang—Study on the northern life style in Northeast China. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design, 18, 245–249. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aijt/9/18/9_KJ00004655911/_pdf
Gramont, F. (1771). VIII. An account of the kang, or Chinese stoves, translated from the French. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society, 61(61), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1771.0008
Guo, Q. (2002). The Chinese domestic architectural heating system [kang]: Origins, applications and techniques. Architectural History, 45, 32–48. https://doi.org/10.2307/1568775
Heilongjiang Sheng Zhi [The chronicle of Heilongjiang Province]. (2001). Heilongjiang People's Press.
Jilin Sheng Zhi [The chronicle of Jilin Province]. (1992). Jilin People's Press.
Jin, J. (2010). Dongbeiya di qu min zu wen tu wen hua bi jiao yan jiu [A study on the ondol culture of several peoples in the North-East Asia] [Master's thesis, Central University for Nationalities]. CNKI. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CDFD&dbname=CDFD0911&filename=2010261329.nh&v=
Jinzhong Shi Zhi [Central Shanxi Municipal records]. (2010). China Book Council.
Kim, J.-B., Mi-Young, S., & Jae-Seok, O. (2019). Comparative investigation of Chinese 옐 (kang) and Korean 溫敲 (ondol). Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Meeting and Academic Seminar of the Architectural History of the Chinese Society of Architecture. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CPFD&dbname=CPFDLAST2022&filename=JZSX201911002132&v=
Kim, D. (2004). Chaoxian zu de kang wen hua ji qi min su chuan cheng [The culture of the Korean kang and its folklore heritage]. Journal of Yanbian University (Social Science Edition), 2, 69–73. https://doi.org/10.16154/j.cnki.cn22-1025/c.2004.02.015
Korea Heating. (2011). Ondol [Photograph]. https://www.korea-heating.eu/_1ondol_eng.php
Li, D. (2010). Beifang huo kang yu kang wen hua [Kang in Northern China and the culture of kang]. 훙匡굇쑴宅各썹냘懇쉔 2010 쾨굇쑴欺벌셥欺減桔擎삔쬠匡섞, 171–180. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=IPFD&dbname=IPFD9914&filename=TONG201010001018&v=
Li, D. (2019). Cong xi di er zuo dao yuanzhuo jucan, guren canzhuo liyi bi ni xiang de mafan—Yanxi shang de zhongguo shi [From sitting on the ground to dining at a round table, the ancient people's table manners are more troublesome than you think—The history of China at banquets]. Paston Digital Multimedia Ltd. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLASN2019&filename=CYSJ201902016&v=
Li, D. (2021). Kang de li shi yu kang wen hua [History of kang and kang culture]. Hua Mulan Cultural Enterprise.
Li, S., Song M., Feng L., & Yang X. (2007). Kang wen hua ji qi yan bian xing tai [The kang culture and its evolutionary forms]. Huazhong Architecture, 5, 149–150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-739X.2007.05.050
Li, Y., Zhuang, Z., Yang, X., & Chen, B. (2006, December 6). Chinese kangs—Today's rural essential home heating system and tomorrow's sustainable energy technologies [Conference session]. The 37th Congress on Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning, Belgrade, Serbia.
Liu, F. (2013). Dongbei Han min zu huo kang de min su wen hua bian qian yan jiu [The study of the change of the folk-culture about heated kang of the Northern Han nationality] [Master's thesis, Liaoning University]. CNKI. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD201401&filename=1013324472.nh&v=
Liu, J., Zhou B., & Gao W. (2017). Beifang xiang cun min ju zhong kang kong jian yu ju min xing wei guan xi yan jiu [A study on the relationship between the space of kang and the behavior of residents in northern rural houses]. Architecture and Culture, 3, 54–56.
Neimenggu Sheng Zhi [Chronicle of Inner Mongolia]. (2007). Inner Mongolia People's Press.
Song, B. (2021). Shanxi min jian kang wei hua de gong yi he chuan cheng [Craftsmanship and heritage of the folk kang wall paintings in Shanxi]. Beauty and the Times (Medium), 4, 120–121. https://doi.org/10.16129/j.cnki.mysdz.2021.04.058
Wang, B. (2017). Min su wen hua de shu zi chuan bo yu sheng cun: Yi Shanxi kang wei hua wei li [Digital dissemination and survival of folk culture: A case study of paintings around a kang in Shanxi Province]. Southeast Communications.
Wang, S. (2007). Ming shi jia ju yan jiu [Study of Ming furniture]. Life-Reading-New Knowledge Triad Bookstore.
William, E. G. (1894). Corea, the hermit nation (4th ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons.
Williams, E. (2014). From kang (옐) to kongtiao (왕딧): China's twentieth century cooling. Journal of Chinese Humanities, 1(1), 194–211. https://doi.org/10.1163/23521341-01010010
Wu, M. (2017). Qian tan kang zai dang dai min ju zhong de bian qian [An introduction to the change of Chinese kang in contemporary residences]. China Nationalities Expo, 2, 3–4.
Yan, S., Liu, N., Chen, M., Liu, Y., & Han, S. (2022). The thermal effect of the tandem kang model for rural houses in Northern China: A case study in Tangshan. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 21(2), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2020.1839468
Yan, Y. (2020). Si ren sheng huo de bian ge [The transformation of private life]. Shaanxi Province Archives, 1, 59.
Yeo, M.-S., Yang, I.-H., & Kim, K.-W. (2003). Historical changes and recent energy saving potential of residential heating in Korea. Energy and Buildings, 35(7), 715–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00221-9
Yu, K., Tan, Y., Zhang, T., Zhang, J., & Wang, X. (2020). The traditional Chinese kang and its improvement: A review. Energy and Buildings, 218, Article 110051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110051
Zhou, X. (2008). Huo kang kao yuan—Jian tan keng zi yu kang zi de guan xi [The origin of heated kang--Discussion of the relationship between the words keng and kang]. Modern Language (Language Research), 4, 116–117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-8024-C.2008.04.062
Zhuang, Z., Li, Y., & Chen, B. (2009). Smoke flow in Chinese kangs. Indoor and Built Environment, 18(3), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X09105454
Zhuang, Z., Li, Y., Chen, B., & Guo, J. (2009). Chinese kang as a domestic heating system in rural northern China—A review. Energy and Buildings, 41(1), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.07.013
Zhuang, Z., Li, Y., Yang, X., Chen, B., & Liu, J. (2010). Thermal and energy analysis of a Chinese kang. Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China, 4(1), 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-010-0009-x
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author(s) retain the copyright of articles published in this journal, with first publication rights granted to Interiority.